But after a dozen worlds were found between Jupiter and Mars, many astronomers argued that they should be not planets, but asteroids. All were planets because they certainly weren't stars. When astronomers discovered Ceres in 1801, it was clearly a planet. This simple definition held well into the 1800s. As Galileo demonstrated in 1611, stars shine of their own light, while planets only shine through reflected sunlight. Planet and moon were not exclusionary terms. For Galileo, a moon is a planet that orbits another planet, named after the first of that name. The use of "moon" as a general object also dates to this time. When Cassini discovered Saturn's moon Titan, he referred to it as a new planet. When Galileo discovered four moons of Jupiter, he referred to them as the Medicean planets. Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, this was the standard. With the rise of the heliocentric model, objects that orbit the sun were planets, meaning that Earth was a planet, but so was the moon. Thus, the sun and moon were considered planets, but not the Earth. In historical astrology, there were stars, transitory objects such as comets, and planets. The early definition of a planet was an object that moved against the stars over time. Several alternative definitions have been proposed, but a new study argues we should look to history for the solution. This has stirred all manner of controversy, even among astronomers. It must have cleared its orbital neighborhood.īy this definition there are just eight planets in our solar system, most notably excluding Pluto.It is estimated at least 24 Osage people were killed as a result of Hale’s conspiracy. Hale quickly fell under suspicion, and although some members of local law enforcement attempted to derail the federal investigation, Hale and Burkhart were arrested in 1926 for their part in the conspiracy, according to McAuliffe’s book.Īnother conspirator named Kelsey Morrison was also arrested after he admitted to murdering Anna Brown, according to Grann’s book. Tom White (portrayed by Jesse Plemons) led the investigation, which involved agents going undercover as insurance salesmen, cattle buyers, and citizens to gather evidence. The Osage killings became one of the first murder investigations launched by the FBI, which was then called the Bureau of Intelligence. Meanwhile, other Osage people from outside the family were also dying under mysterious or suspicious circumstances. Lizzie’s nephew Harry Roan also died in 1923, and Hale fraudulently named himself the beneficiary of Roan’s $25,000 life insurance policy, according to Grann’s book. In March 1923, another of Lizzie’s daughters died, along with her husband, when their home was destroyed by an explosion.īurkhart and Kyle saw their fortunes grow as they inherited the estates of these family members. Kyle’s sister Anna Brown was found shot to death in May 1921, and two months later, Lizzie Q died of a suspected poisoning, according to Dennis McAuliffe’s book Bloodland: A Family Story of Oil, Greed and Murder on the Osage Reservation. One by one, members of the family turned up dead. They built terra-cotta mansions, had chauffeured cars, hired servants, and sent their children to private school.Īnna Brown, one of the victims of the Osage murders Getty Images The land was considered worthless until the 1890s, when some of the largest oil deposits in the United States at the time were discovered there.īy the 1920s, the Osage people collectively received more than $400 million in today’s dollars, making them the wealthiest people per capita in the world. The Osage Nation, a Native American tribe of the Great Plains, were driven from their Kansas lands in the late 19 th century and relocated to a rocky, barren reservation in northeastern Oklahoma. The conspiracy was so nefarious that it led to one of the first murder investigations by what is today known as the FBI. Here’s the true story of the Osage murders, a vast and complex plot in which conspirators lied, killed, and even married into families to steal the rights to oil on their Oklahoma land. The film received rave reviews at the Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered, and is already generating Oscar buzz for next year’s Academy Awards. Killers of the Flower Moon, which will be released in theaters on October 20, is adapted from a nonfiction book of the same name by David Grann. Like many of Scorsese’s most acclaimed films-including Raging Bull (1980), Goodfellas (1990), The Aviator (2004), and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)-his latest movie is based on a true story. Celebrated filmmaker Martin Scorsese is partnering once again with his frequent collaborators Leonardo DiCaprio and Robert De Niro on his new movie Killers of the Flower Moon, a crime drama about a series of murders in the Osage Nation reservation in Oklahoma during the 1920s.
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